What is Choline Bitartrate
Choline Bitartrate belongs to the group Cholinergics. A supplement is said to be cholinergic when it increases the activity of acetylcholine, an important neurotransmitter associated with memory and attention span. Cholinergics have been studied in the context of age-related dementia.
Choline is an essential nutrient for the human body that is often overlooked. Our body can produce it and we get it mainly from animal food. Eggs, liver and other organ meats are the most effective sources.
Choline is often taken with Nootropics from the Racetam class because these racetams stimulate the acetylcholine receptors, so that more acetylcholine has to be produced.
In addition, the EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) concluded that Choline contributes to normal fat metabolism and normal homocysteine metabolism. Also, EFSA has established a cause-and-effect relationship for the maintenance of normal liver function.
Choline Bitartrate is the cheapest source of Choline, but a higher dose must also be taken to get the same effect as other Cholinergics such as Alpha GPC and CDP Choline.
Properties
Choline contributes to normal fat metabolism and supports the cleansing action of the liver as the ultimate precursor to phosphatidylcholine. In addition, choline is a nutrient used to produce acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter.
Choline plays a role in homocysteine metabolism. Homocysteine is well broken down when homocysteine metabolism is normal. This is important because high levels of homocysteine are harmful. Choline aids in the production of methyl groups. Choline is involved in the production and breakdown of homocysteine.
External Resources
Legally, Next Valley is not allowed to make statements about properties and uses of Choline Bitartrate if they have not been approved as a health claim by the European Commission.
For more information, we refer you to external sources.
Dose
The most common dose of Choline Bitartrate to take is 500-2000mg per day. Always start with the lowest dose, if the effect is insufficient, this can easily be adjusted upwards.
Side effects
Side effects should not occur as Choline is a natural substance (the body can make Choline itself) and Bitartrate is simply a salt that has been added to allow better absorption by the body. If you do notice side effects, it could be that the dose you are taking is too high.
Ingredients
Daily Recommended Dosage: 1 capsule
Ingredients per 1 capsule
500mg Choline Bitartrate
Gelatin capsule
StarCap 1500® (capsule filler)
Instructions for use
Do not use if you are under 18, or if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. Do not use if you have high blood pressure or medical complications. Always consult an expert before using new food supplements. A healthy lifestyle is important, as is a varied and balanced diet for which supplements are no substitute. Do not exceed recommended dosage.
Recommended dosage: As a dietary supplement for adults, take 1 capsule daily, preferably after a meal.
Keep cool, dry and closed.
Certificate of Analysis
A Certificate of Analysis may sometimes be referred to as a COA, a CofA, a Certificate of Conformity, or a Certificate of Conformity. It is a document certifying that a product delivered meets the specifications of the recipient.
Certificate of Analysis for Choline Bitartrate
The content of a Certificate of Analysis varies by industry and product category. Below we discuss the content of a COA that is generally accepted for the raw materials processed in Next Valley products.
What is a Certificate of Analysis?
What is a health claim?
A health claim is any statement about a relationship between nutrition and health.
Legally, Next Valley is not allowed to make statements about properties and uses of Choline if they have not been approved as a health claim by the European Commission.
The European Commission approves various health claims, provided they are based on scientific evidence and can be easily understood by consumers. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) is responsible for evaluating the scientific evidence to support health claims.
The scientific evidence is provided by the health claim applicant. These examinations are usually carried out by the applicant or are known at the time of the application. New studies are only included in the evaluation by EFSA if a new application is made.
The European food and commodity authority EFSA has not yet issued an opinion on herbal preparations or botanicals, so the European Commission has not yet issued a decision. The health claims for botanicals submitted to EFSA are therefore still ‘on hold’, the evaluation is ongoing.
| Claim: |
Maintain normal liver function |
| Claim ID: |
1501 |
| Year of evaluation: |
2011 |
| Source EFSA: |
j.efsa.2011.2056 |
| EFSA conclusion: |
cause-effect relationship has been established |
|
The claimed effect is “maintenance of healthy liver function”. The target population is assumed to be the general population. The panel notes that the claimed effect refers to the maintenance of normal liver function. The panel believes that the maintenance of normal liver function is a beneficial physiological effect.
It is well known that choline deficiency is associated with liver damage (increased serum alanine aminotransferase activity) and the development of fatty liver (hepatosteatosis) in people receiving choline-free total parenteral nutrition solutions, as well as in men and postmenopausal women (but not in premenopausal women). who were fed choline-deficient diets or a choline-deficient diet with adequate amounts of methionine, folate, and sometimes vitamin B12; these effects can be reversed by the administration of dietary choline.
The panel concludes that a causal relationship has been established between choline consumption and the maintenance of normal liver function.
|
| Claim: |
Contribution to normal homocysteine metabolism |
| Claim ID: |
3090 |
| Year of evaluation: |
2011 |
| Source EFSA: |
j.efsa.2011.2056 |
| EFSA conclusion: |
cause-effect relationship has been established |
|
The claimed effect is “reduction of homocysteine levels”. The target population is assumed to be the general population. In the context of the proposed formulations and the references provided, the panel believes that the claimed effect refers to the maintenance of normal homocysteine concentrations in the blood by contributing to normal homocysteine metabolism. The panel is of the opinion that the contribution to normal homocysteine metabolism is a beneficial physiological effect.
In weighing the evidence, the panel took into account that choline may be a precursor to betaine formation, that betaine may act as a methyl donor in the remethylation of homocysteine in the liver by the enzyme betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase, which -poor diets plasma concentrations of homocysteine tend to increase plasma concentrations of homocysteine, that a human intervention study showed a significant decrease in plasma concentrations of homocysteine after choline administration, and that two observational studies showed the inverse association between dietary choline and sustained blood levels of homocysteine.
Based on the data presented, the panel concludes that a causal relationship has been established between choline consumption and its contribution to normal homocysteine metabolism.
|
| Claim: |
Contribution to normal fat metabolism |
| Claim ID: |
3186 |
| Year of evaluation: |
2011 |
| Source EFSA: |
j.efsa.2011.2056 |
| EFSA conclusion: |
cause-effect relationship has been established |
|
The claimed effect is “choline is necessary for the metabolism of lipids”. The target population is assumed to be the general population. The panel believes that the contribution to normal lipid metabolism is a beneficial physiological effect.
It is well known that choline functions as a precursor to phospholipids and plays a role in the structural integrity of cell membranes. Phosphatidylcholine is the main phospholipid in cell membranes. It is also well known that choline plays a role in the transport and metabolism of lipids and cholesterol.
The panel concludes that a causal relationship has been established between choline consumption and its contribution to normal fat metabolism.
|
| Claim: |
Maintain normal neurological function |
| Claim ID: |
1502 |
| Year of evaluation: |
2011 |
| Source EFSA: |
j.efsa.2011.2056 |
| EFSA conclusion: |
no cause-effect relationship |
|
The purported effect is “cognitive, memory functioning; neurological functioning”. The target population is assumed to be the general population. The panel believes that the maintenance of normal neurological function is a beneficial physiological effect.
No references have been provided from which conclusions can be drawn for the scientific substantiation of the claimed effect.
Based on the data presented, the panel concludes that a causal relationship between choline consumption and maintenance of neurological function has not been established.
|
| Claim: |
Contribution to normal cognitive function |
| Claim ID: |
1502 |
| Year of evaluation: |
2011 |
| Source EFSA: |
j.efsa.2011.2056 |
| EFSA conclusion: |
no cause-effect relationship |
|
The purported effect is “cognitive, memory functioning; neurological functioning”. The target population is assumed to be the general population. The panel believes that the contribution to normal cognitive function is a beneficial physiological effect.
No references have been provided from which conclusions can be drawn for the scientific substantiation of the claimed effect.
Based on the data presented, the panel concludes that a causal relationship has not been established between choline consumption and its contribution to normal cognitive function.
|
| Claim: |
Brain and neurodevelopment |
| Claim ID: |
1503 |
| Year of evaluation: |
2011 |
| Source EFSA: |
j.efsa.2011.2056 |
| EFSA conclusion: |
claims related to child development and health are outside the scope of Article 13 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 |
|
The claimed effect is “development”. In the context of the proposed formulations and the clarifications provided by the Member States, the panel assumes that the claimed effect is related to brain and neurodevelopment, which is interpreted by the panel as child development.
The panel notes that claims related to child development and health fall outside the scope of Article 13 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006.
|
